Wakhi language

Wakhi is an Indo-European accent in the annex of Eastern Iranian accent ancestors and is carefully accompanying to added Southeastern Iranian languages in the Pamir languages group.

Classification and Distribution

Wakhi is one of several languages that accord to the Pamir accent group. A absorption of this is the actuality that the Wakhi bodies are occasionally alleged Pamiris. The agent of this accent is Wakhan in Afghanistan and is, according to sources, added than four thousand years old. This is announced by the citizenry the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan, genitalia of Gilgit-Baltistan (the aloft NAs) of Pakistan, Gorno-Badkhshan (mountainous-Badakhshan, in Russian) arena of Tajakistan, and Xinjiang in western China. The Wakhi use the self-appellation ‘Xik’ (ethnic) and suffix it with ‘wor’/’war’ to denote their accent as ‘Xik-wor’ themselves. The noun ‘Xik’ comes from ‘oxik’ (an aborigine of ‘Ox’, for Wakhan, in Wakhi. There are added equivalents for the name Wakhi (Anglicised) or Wakhani (Arabic and Persian), Vakhantsy (Russian), Gojali/Gojo (Dingrik-wor/Shina), Guyits/Guicho (Borushaski), Wakhigi/Wakhik-war (Kivi-wor/Khow-wor) and Cert (Turki). The accent belongs, as yet to be accepted according to studies and sources, to the southern accumulation of the Pamir languages, in the Iranian accumulation of the Indo-European ancestors (450) of languages, area the altered Ishkashmi, Shighni/…nani and Wakhi languages are included. A actual asperous appraisal of the citizenry of Wakhis is 50,000 worldwide. The Wakhi alive in four altered countries. In the Gilgit-Baltistan northern-areas arena of Pakistan, the Wakhi bodies mainly alive in Gojal, Ishkoman, Darkut and in Chitral District's Broghol. They additionally alive in some genitalia of Gorno-Badakhshan in Tajikistan and Xinjiang in China.

edit In Afghanistan

In the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan, Wakhi is announced from Putur, abreast Ishkashim, to the aerial alcove of the Wakhan River.1

edit In Tajikistan

In Tajikistan the Wakhi and added communities that allege one of the Pamir languages accredit to themselves as Pamiri or Badakhshani and there has been a movement to abstracted their character from that of the majority Persian-speaking Tajiks. Linguists universally accredit to Wakhi as an East Iranian accent absolute of Tajik Persian, but abounding Tajik nationalists assert that Wakhi and added Pamir languages are absolutely dialects of Tajik.2

edit In Pakistan

In Pakistan Wakhi is announced in the sparsely busy aerial portions of bristles of the northernmost valleys: Hunza (many indigenous Wakhi of this basin now allege Burushaski), Gojal that including the valleys of Chipursan and Shingshal, (Upper-Hunza—mostly intact), Ishkoman (many indigenous Wakhi speak, now, Shina), Yasin (many indigenous Wakhi of this basin speak, now, Khow-wor or Burushaski/Virchik-wor), Gupis (many indigenous Wakhi speak, now, Shina) and Yarkhun (many indigenous Wakhi of this basin now allege Khow-wor). Yarkhun is amid in the Chitral commune of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, while others are in the Gilgit-Baltistan. Gojal, in the Hunza valley, has the better Wakhi citizenry of any of the aloft bristles areas. The Wakhis of Ishkoman alive primarily in the Karambar valley, in the boondocks of Imit and beyond. In Yasin, they alive mostly in the around of Darkot, and in Yarhkun, they are begin in Baroghil and in a few added baby villages in the high, aerial allocation of valley. In Pakistan, the axial alignment of the Wakhi is the Wakhi Cultural Association Pakistan (WCA), an alignment that is registered with the Government of Pakistan and which works with the accord of the Ministry of Ability and Tourism and Lok Virsa Pakistan. The Association is alive for the canning of the Wakhi accent and culture, as able-bodied as documenting their balladry and music.

Radio Pakistan Gilgit relays the Wakhi radio programme "Sadoyah Boomy Dunyo", the articulation of the roof of the world. The Wakhi Cultural Association has abiding added than twenty programmes back 1984, which includes cultural shows, agreeable nights, and all-embracing agreeable festivals with the accord of Lok Virsa Pakistan, the Aga Khan Cultural Service Pakistan (AKCSP), and Pakistan television. In 2000, the WCA won a "Best Programme" organizer accolade in the Silk Road Festival from the President of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf. A computerized allocation of the Wakhi calligraphy has been released, which will advice to advance the accent development programme and affidavit of Wakhi poetry, literature, and history. 3

Orthography

Traditionally Wakhi was not a accounting language. Writing systems accept been developed for the accent application Arabic script, Cyrillic and a adapted Roman alphabet.4

The fresh Wakhi Alphabet

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Sample argument from a Bible adaptation appear in 2001 is apparent below.5

Lord's Prayer (Luke 11:2-4) Wakhi in Roman alphabet Wakhi in Cyrillic alphabet English (KJV)

2 Yiso yavər x̆atəy: «Sayišt i dəo carəv, x̆anəv: „Ey bzыrgwor Tat ki də osmonət cəy! Ti bəzыrg nung bər olam ыmыt! Ləcər dəwroni Ti podšoyi ɣ̆at-ət, zəmin-ət zəmon də hыkmi taw ыmыt! 2 Йисо йавəр х̌атəй: «Сайишт ҙи дəо царəв, х̌анəв: „Ей бзыргв̌ор Тат ки дə осмонəт цəй! Ти бəзырг нунг бəр олам ымыт! Лəцəр дəв̌рони Ти подшойи г̌ат-əт, зəмин-əт зəмон дə ҳыкми тав̌ ымыт! 2 And he said unto them, When ye pray, say, "Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Thy commonwealth come. Thy will be done, as in heaven, so in earth.

3 Spo rыsq-ət rыzi sakər nəsib car! 3 Спо рысқ-əт рызи сакəр нəсиб цар! 3 Give us day by day our circadian bread.

4 Cə spo gənoən šəxs! Sak bə kuy, ki sakər šakiɣ̆, cə kərk! kыx̆ter baxṣ̌əṣ̌ carən. Cə bandi nafs-ət awasən, Cə waswasayi Iblisən saki niga δыr!“» 4 Цə спо гəноəн шəхс! Сак бə куй, ки сакəр шакиг̌ цə кəрк! Кых̌тəр бахш̣əш̣ царəн. Цə банди нафс-əт ав̌асəн, Цə в̌асв̌асайи Иблисəн саки нига д̌ыр!“» 4 And absolve us our sins; for we additionally absolve every one that is accountable to us. And advance us not into temptation; but bear us from evil."

Vocabulary

The Wakhi dictionary exhibits cogent differences with the added Pamir languages. Gawarjon's allegory of the dialects of Sarikoli and Wakhi announced in China is reproduced below.

Lexical allegory of six Iranian languages 6 English appearance Persian Tajik Pashto Shughni Sarikoli Wakhi Oruq

meat ɡuʃt̪ (گوشت) ɡʉʃt (гӯшт) ɣwəxa, ɣwəʂa ɡuːxt ɡɯxt ɡuʂt ɡuʂt

fire æt̪iʃ (اتش) otaʃ (оташ) or joːts juts rɯχniɡ rniɡ

water æb (اب) ob (об) obə xats xats jupk xət

hand d̪æst̪ (دست) dast (даст) lɑs ðust ðɯst ðast dašč

foot pɔ (پا) po (по) pxa, pʂa poːð peð pɯð pɯð

son pisær (پسر) pisar (писар) zoj puts pɯts putr putràé

tooth d̪ænd̪ɔn (دندان) dandon (дандон) ɣɑx, ɣɑʂ ðinðʉn ðanðun ðɯnðɯk ðɯnðɯk/ðɯnðɯka

eye tʃæʃm (چشم) tʃaʃm (чашм) stərɡa tsem tsem tʂəʐm ghah

horse æsb (اسب) asp (асп) ɑs voːrdʒ vurdʒ jaʃ jatnij

cloud æbr (ابر) abr (абр) uriədz abri varm mur mu

wheat gænd̪um (گندم) gandum (гандум) ɣanəm ʒindam ʒandam ɣɯdim

many bisjɔr (بسيار) bisjor (бисёр) ɖer, pura lap pɯr təqi

high bulænd̪ (بلند) baland (баланд) lwəɻ biland bɯland bɯland

far dur (دور) dur (дур) ləre ðar ðar ðir

good xub (خوب) xub (хуб) xə, ʂə bashand tʃardʒ baf

small xurd̪ (خرد) χurd (хурд) ləɡ, ləʐ dzul dzɯl dzəqlai

to say guft̪ (گفت) guft (гуфт) wəjəl lʉvdow levd xənak

to do kærd̪ (كرد) kard (кард) kawəl tʃiːdow tʃeiɡ tsərak

to see d̪id̪ (ديد) did (дид) winəm wiːntow wand wing

Phonology

Vowels

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edit Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Alveolo-

palatal Retroflex Velar Uvular Glottal

Nasal m n

Plosive p b t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ k ɡ q

Affricate t͡s d͡z t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ

Fricative f v θ ð s z ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ x ɣ χ ʁ h

Approximant l j w

Rhotic r